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Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| The supernova remnant G 6.4-0.1 and its environment
Flux calibrated CCD images, in the Hα+[N II], S II, and [O III]emission lines, of a wide field around the supernova remnant G 6.4-0.1are presented. The low ionization images identify a front of enhanced SII/Hα+[N II] ratio along the east-west direction. This front isvery well correlated with the filamentary radio emission of the remnantas well as with molecular CO emission and may indicate the interactionof the primary blast wave with molecular clouds present in the vicinityof the remnant. We estimate a total Hα flux, corrected forinterstellar extinction, of 2 × 10-8 erg s-1cm-2, and a total S II flux of 1.1 × 10-8erg s-1 cm-2. The Hα+[N II] and S II imagesprovide evidence for the presence of emission from shock heated gas tothe south-west and to the east of the bulk of the known opticalemission, implying that the primary shock wave is able to driveradiative shocks into the interstellar clouds. The image in the mediumionization line of [O III] 5007 Å does not reveal any filamentarystructures. On the contrary, the emission is diffuse and very weak,close to our detection limit of 5 × 10-17 ergs-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 (3 σ), andappears to be mainly present in the south-east to north-west areas ofthe remnant. The long-slit spectra indicate significant extinction inall positions observed, while the measured variations are within the 3σ error. The [O III] emission in the spectra, whenever present, isweaker than the ^hbeta flux suggesting shock velocities around 70 kms-1 or less all around the remnant in accordance with the [OIII] imagery. Thus, the low shock velocities are a common characteristicof G 6.4-0.1 and not just of the areas where the spectra were acquired.The average sulfur line ratio suggests postshock electron densitiesbelow 120 cm-3 at the 3 σ limit.
| Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i
This work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897
| Research Note Hipparcos photometry: The least variable stars
The data known as the Hipparcos Photometry obtained with the Hipparcossatellite have been investigated to find those stars which are leastvariable. Such stars are excellent candidates to serve as standards forphotometric systems. Their spectral types suggest in which parts of theHR diagrams stars are most constant. In some cases these values stronglyindicate that previous ground based studies claiming photometricvariability are incorrect or that the level of stellar activity haschanged. Table 2 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/367/297
| Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part III. Additional fundamental stars with direct solutions
The FK6 is a suitable combination of the results of the HIPPARCOSastrometry satellite with ground-based data, measured over a longinterval of time and summarized mainly in the FK5. Part III of the FK6(abbreviated FK6(III)) contains additional fundamental stars with directsolutions. Such direct solutions are appropriate for single stars or forobjects which can be treated like single stars. Part III of the FK6contains in total 3272 stars. Their ground-based data stem from thebright extension of the FK5 (735 stars), from the catalogue of remainingSup stars (RSup, 732 stars), and from the faint extension of the FK5(1805 stars). From the 3272 stars in Part III, we have selected 1928objects as "astrometrically excellent stars", since their instantaneousproper motions and their mean (time-averaged) ones do not differsignificantly. Hence most of the astrometrically excellent stars arewell-behaving "single-star candidates" with good astrometric data. Thesestars are most suited for high-precision astrometry. On the other hand,354 of the stars in Part III are Δμ binaries in the sense ofWielen et al. (1999). Many of them are newly discovered probablebinaries with no other hitherto known indication of binarity. The FK6gives, besides the classical "single-star mode" solutions (SI mode),other solutions which take into account the fact that hidden astrometricbinaries among "apparently single-stars" introduce sizable "cosmicerrors" into the quasi-instantaneously measured HIPPARCOS proper motionsand positions. The FK6 gives, in addition to the SI mode, the "long-termprediction (LTP) mode" and the "short-term prediction (STP) mode". TheseLTP and STP modes are on average the most precise solutions forapparently single stars, depending on the epoch difference with respectto the HIPPARCOS epoch of about 1991. The typical mean error of anFK6(III) proper motion in the single-star mode is 0.59 mas/year. This isa factor of 1.34 better than the typical HIPPARCOS errors for thesestars of 0.79 mas/year. In the long-term prediction mode, in whichcosmic errors are taken into account, the FK6(III) proper motions have atypical mean error of 0.93 mas/year, which is by a factor of about 2better than the corresponding error for the HIPPARCOS values of 1.83mas/year (cosmic errors included).
| On the Variability of Late B III-V Stars
We investigate the Hipparcos Satellite photometry of luminosity classIII-V B6-B9 stars. Most are relatively non-variable. Candidates forwhich further study is desirable are identified.
| The Tokyo PMC catalog 90-93: Catalog of positions of 6649 stars observed in 1990 through 1993 with Tokyo photoelectric meridian circle
The sixth annual catalog of the Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle(PMC) is presented for 6649 stars which were observed at least two timesin January 1990 through March 1993. The mean positions of the starsobserved are given in the catalog at the corresponding mean epochs ofobservations of individual stars. The coordinates of the catalog arebased on the FK5 system, and referred to the equinox and equator ofJ2000.0. The mean local deviations of the observed positions from theFK5 catalog positions are constructed for the basic FK5 stars to comparewith those of the Tokyo PMC Catalog 89 and preliminary Hipparcos resultsof H30.
| Rotational Velocity Determinations for 164 Be and B Stars
Rotational velocities, v sin i, have been obtained for 96 Be and 68normal B stars by measurements of the FWHM of the He I lambda-4471 line(for spectral types B0-B4.5) and Mg II lambda-4481 (for types B5-B9.5).The consistency of various published sources is examined. (SECTION:Stars)
| Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Photometry: Fields Centered on rho Ophiuchi and the Galactic Center
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..104..101S&db_key=AST
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| Far-ultraviolet stellar photometry: Fields in Sagittarius and Scorpius
Far-ultraviolet photometry for 741 objects in a field in Sagittariuscentered near M8 and 541 objects in a field centered near sigma Scorpiiis presented. These data were extracted from electographic imagesobtained with two cameras during a shuttle flight in 1991 April/May. Thecameras provided band passes with lambdaeff = 1375 A andlambdaeff = 1781 A. Synthetic colors show that these bandsare sensitive to effective temperature for hot stars. Our measurementswere placed on a quantitative far-ultraviolet magnitude scale byconvolving the spectra of stars observed by IUE with our cameras'spectral response functions. Fifty-eight percent of the ultravioletobjects were identified with visible stars using the SIMBAD databasewhile another 40% of the objects are blends of early type stars tooclose together to separate with our resolution. Our photometry iscompared with that from the TD-1, OAO 2, and ANS satellites and the S201(Apollo 16) far-ultraviolet camera and found to agree at the level of afew tenths of a magnitude. Unlike previous studies, almost half of theidentified visual counterparts to the ultraviolet objects are early Bstars. A plot of distance modulus against ultraviolet color excessreveals a significant population of stars with strong ultravioletexcess.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The position corrections of 1400 stars observed with PA II in San Juan.
Not Available
| Near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of interstellar hydrocarbon grains
We present new 3600 - 2700/cm (2.8 - 3.7 micrometer) spectra of objectswhose extinction is dominated by dust in the diffuse interstellarmedium. The observations presented here augment an ongoing study of theorganic component of the diffuse interstellar medium. These spectracontain a broad feature centered near 3300/cm (3.0 micrometers) and/or afeature with a more complex profile near 2950/cm (3.4 micrometers), thelatter of which is attributed to saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons ininterstellar grains and is the primary interest of this paper. As in ourearlier work, the similarity of the absorption bands near 2950/cm (3.4micrometers) along different lines of sight and the correlation of thesefeatures with interstellar extinction reveal that the carrier of thisband lies in the dust in the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM). Atleast 2.5% of the cosmic carbon in the local interstellar medium and 4%toward the Galactic center is tied up in the carrier of the 2950/cm (3.4micrometer) band. The spectral structure of the diffuse dust hydrocarbonC-H stretch absorption features is reasonably similar to UV photolyzedlaboratory ice residues and is quite similar to the carbonaceouscomponent of the Murchison meteorite. The similarity between the DISMand the meteoritic spectrum suggests that some of the interstellarmaterial originally incorporated into the solar nebula may have survivedrelatively untouched in primitive solar system bodies. Comparisons ofthe DISM spectrum to hydrogenated amorphous carbon and quenchedcarbonaceous composite are also presented. The AV/tau ratiofor the 2950/cm (3.4 micrometer) feature is lower toward the Galacticcenter than toward sources in the local solar neighborhood(approximately 150 for the Galactic center sources vs. approximately 250for the local ISM sources). A similar trend has been observed previouslyfor silicates in the diffuse medium by Roche & Aitken, suggestingthat (1) the silicate and carbonaceous materials in the DISM may bephysically correlated and (2) there is either dust compositionalvariation in the galaxy or galactic variation in the grain populationdensity distribution. We also note a possible absorption feature near3050/cm (3.28 micrometers), a wavelength position that is characteristicof polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
| Second astrolabe catalogue of Santiago.
Positions for 350 FK5 and 164 FK5 Extension stars as determined with theDanjon astrolabe of Santiago and differences astrolabe-catalogue aregiven for Equinox J2000.0 and for the mean observation epoch of eachstar. The average mean error in alpha is +/-0.005s and +/-0.07" indelta. The mean epoch of observation of the catalogue is J1979.96.
| Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
| The interstellar C-H stretching band near 3.4 microns - Constraints on the composition of organic material in the diffuse interstellar medium
The composition and history of dust in the diffuse ISM was studied using3600-2700/cm absorption spectra of objects which have widely varyingamounts of visual extinctions along different lines of sight. The3300/cm and 2950/cm features are attributed to O-H and C-H stretchingvibrations, respectively. The O-H feature in OH 32.8-0.3 is suggestiveof circumstellar water ice and is probably not due to material in thediffuse ISM. The features in the 3100-2700/cm region are attributedeither to C-H vibrations or to M stars. The spectra of the latter show aseries of narrow features in this region that are identified withphotospheric OH. Objects in which these bands are seen include OH01-477, T629-5, and the Galactic center source IRS 7. The C-H stretchfeature of diffuse ISM dust has subpeaks which fall within 5/cm of C-Hstretching vibrations in the -CH2- and -CH3 groups of saturatedaliphatic hydrocarbons.
| Light variations of massive stars (Alpha Cygni variables). IX
High-precision VBLUW photometry of 22 highly luminous OBA-type stars, 13of which are Alpha Cygni variables and two of which are variable only incolor, is presented. It is suggested that sigma (V-B) increases fasterthan sigma (B-L) with later spectral types due to the absence ofstochastic metal line strength variations in the V band. It is assumedthat short-time-scale stellar spot activity is present, or thattemperature and density waves move through the atmospheres with the sametime scales, producing these line strength variations independent of thecontinuum variations. The possibility of differentiating stars which lieclose to each other in the HR diagram but have different evolutionaryhistories (and thus different metal abundances) with the aid of themaximum light amplitude/sigma (V-B) diagram is considered.
| A photometric survey of the bright southern Be stars
Repeated UBV photometric measurements were made of the 86 bright Bestars south of declination -20 deg, and a network of comparison starswas set up. From a statistical study of the differential photometry itwas found that short- or intermediate-term variability seems to beoccurring in about half of the Be stars, and to be more evident in thestars of earlier spectral type. It was also possible to identify 11individual short- or intermediate-term variables. Four of these (all ofearly B spectral type) appear to exhibit significant variability on atime-scale of a day or less. More intensive observations of one of thesestars, 28 Omega CMA, indicate short-term variations consistent with thepublished spectroscopic period of 1.37 day.
| The early A type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stroemgren photometry, and the effects of rotation
The MK classification system for the early A-type stars is refined, anda parallel system of standards for the broad-lined stars is introduced.With this improved system, stars may be classified with significantlygreater precision than before. It is shown that spectral types in thissystem are not systematically affected by rotational line broadening. Atotal of 372 early A-type stars are classified, and a confrontation ofthese spectral types with Stroemgren photometry reveals a number ofsystematic photometric effects of rotation. In particular, high v sin istars are systematically redder than low v sin i stars of the samespectral type, and the beta index is weakened by rotation. It isconcluded that precise spectral classification in conjunction withStroemgren and H-beta photometry can potentially provide a valuablecheck and input to the theory of the atmospheres of rotating stars.
| The A0 stars
A photometric grid, standardized on MK spectral standards, has been usedto compare spectral types and luminosity classes obtainedphotometrically with those in two extensive spectral surveys coveringthe entire sky. Major discrepancies include the spectroscopicclassification of B9.5, which may indicate an otherwise unrecognizedspectral peculiarity, a different A0/A1 spectral type boundary in thetwo samples involved, the well-known misclassification of weak heliumstars, and an appreciable percentage of stars which are called dwarfsspectroscopically but are of higher photometric luminosity. The spacemotion vectors of these stars for which radial velocities are available,and excluding the minimum of 25 percent that are spectroscopic binarieswithout orbital elements, show structure in their distribution in the(U, V)-plane, with members of the Local Association and the Hyades andSirius superclusters forming obvious concentrations. The members of theLocal Association in the samples are mainly old (more than 200 millionyears) mode A stars, although a few much younger stars are included. Themembers of the Hyades and Sirius superclusters contain many bluestragglers, including several peculiar stars of the Hg, Mn, and Sivarieties.
| The first astrolabe catalogue at Valinhos
Individual corrections to the ascensions and declinations of 199 starsof the FK4 and FK4 Supplement, derived from the Danjon astrolabeobservations at Valinhos and covering the zone from +5 to -51 deg ofdeclination, are presented. The chain method of differences was used tomake the corrections. The observational station formulas used to obtainthe catalogue are cited and discussed and the systematic errors for thezone of the catalogue are given. The results are compared with those ofthe General Catalogue of Astrolabes.
| First astrolabe catalogue of Rio de Janeiro
A catalogue of right ascensions and declinations of FK4 and FK4Supplement stars, obtained from astrolabe observations at Rio deJaneiro, is presented. The quantity and accuracy of the observations,the systematic errors of the catalogue, the group corrections, and theascension and declination corrections are considered.
| Spectral classification from the ultraviolet line features of S2/68 spectra. V - Supplement series
The paper presents the ultraviolet classification of more than 450 B-Aand F spectra obtained with the sky survey telescope mounted on the TD1satellite. Concerning abnormal objects, attention is given to the Bestars, the binary stars, the helium weak stars, and the lambda Booobjects. With regard to Be stars, it is concluded that the 1930 Awavelength feature is linked to the existence of either shell structuresor Fe II emission lines in the visual spectral range. In addition, it issuggested that stellar spectra at wavelengths of 1410, 1610-20 and 2400A are equivalent to the He-weak group in the classical range.
| Prediction of spectral classification from photometric observations-application to the UVBY beta photometry and the MK spectral classification. I - Prediction assuming a luminosity class
An algorithm based on multiple stepwise and isotonic regressions isdeveloped for the prediction of spectral classification from photometricdata. The prediction assumes a luminosity class with reference touvbybeta photometry and the MK spectral classification. The precisionattained is about 90 percent and 80 percent probability of being withinone spectral subtype respectively for luminosity groups I and V and forluminosity groups III and IV. A list of stars for which discrepanciesappear between photometry and spectral classification is given.
| A set of faint equatorial standard stars for BVRI photometry
BVRI photoelectric photometry is presented for 48 of Landolt's (1973)faint equatorial standard stars. The 48 stars, which have spectral typesfrom A to K and V magnitudes in the range from 8.0 to 12.0, are chosento provide two blue and two red stars in each of 12 of the equatorialselected areas studied by Landolt. The program stars were observed withan S-1 photomultiplier, with the B-V, V-R, and V-I colors transformed tothe Johnson system; they were also observed with an RCA 31034Aphotomultiplier, with the resulting V-R and V-I colors given on azero-point-adjusted instrumental system. Observations of several Mdwarfs with the two photomultipliers are also reported. Serious problemsencountered in transforming the observed V-R and V-I colors of the Mdwarfs to the Johnson system are discussed.
| Is star formation bimodal ? II. The nearest early-type stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977PASP...89..187E&db_key=AST
| Properties of the Walraven VBLUW photometric system
The Walraven five-channel (VBLUW) photometer has been used primarily tostudy Cepheids and RR Lyrae variables. Those properties of the VBLUWphotometric system are discussed which are important for analyzing andinterpreting data on such stars. The standard stars that define thesystem are examined, the long-term stability of these stars is examined,and the responses of the photometric passbands are analyzed. Correctionsfor atmospheric extinction and interstellar reddening are reviewed,noting that color terms in the extinction corrections are sufficientlysmall to be neglected and that nonlinear terms in reddening correctionscan also be neglected provided the reddening is not higher than about1.25 magnitudes. Application of the VBLUW system to the classificationof A, F, and G stars, Hyades main-sequence stars, bright field stars,and subdwarfs is demonstrated, and observed two-color diagrams arecompared with theoretical diagrams based on model atmospheres. It isconcluded that a three-dimensional classification based on effectivetemperature, surface gravity, and heavy-element abundance is possiblefor A, F, and G spectral types and that VBLUW photometry is more thantwice as sensitive as Stroemgren uvby photometry to differences inheavy-element abundances below 8000 K.
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Datos observacionales y astrométricos
| Constelación: | Sagitario |
| Ascensión Recta: | 17h59m47.60s |
| Declinación: | -23°48'58.0" |
| Magnitud Aparente: | 4.76 |
| Distancia: | 133.869 parsecs |
| Movimiento Propio en Ascensión Recta: | -3.6 |
| Movimiento Propio en Declinación: | -47.4 |
| B-T magnitude: | 4.695 |
| V-T magnitude: | 4.72 |
Catálogos y designaciones:
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INHABITED SKY
