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Chemically peculiar stars and their temperature calibration
Aims. The determination of effective temperature for chemically peculiar(CP) stars by means of photometry is a sophisticated task due to theirabnormal colours. Standard calibrations for normal stars lead toerroneous results and, in most cases corrections are necessary. Methods: In order to specify appropriate corrections, direct temperaturedeterminations for 176 objects of the different subgroups were collectedfrom the literature. This much larger sample than in previous studiestherefore allows a more accurate investigation, mostly based on averagetemperatures. Results: For the three main photometric systems (UBV,Geneva, Strömgren {uvby}β), methods to determine effectivetemperature are presented together with a comparison with formerresults. Based on the compiled data we provide evidence that He (CP4)objects also need a considerable correction, not noticed in formerinvestigations due to their small number. Additionally, a new relationfor the bolometric correction and the capability of standardcalibrations to deduce interstellar reddening for magnetic CP stars areshown.Tables 4 to 8 are only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| Magnetic fields of chemically peculiar stars. I. The catalog of magnetic CP stars
This is the first paper of the series dedicated to the analysis of themagnetism of chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper Main Sequence.We use our own measurements and published data to compile a catalog ofmagnetic CP stars containing a total of 326 objects with confidentlydetected magnetic fields and 29 stars which are very likely to possessmagnetic field. We obtained the data on the magnetism of theoverwhelming majority of the stars solely based on the analysis oflongitudinal field component B e . The surface magneticfield, B s , has been measured for 49 objects. Our analysisshows that the number of magnetic CP stars decreases with increasingfield strength in accordance with exponential law, and stars with B e exceeding 5kG occur rarely (about 3% objects of ourlist).
| Isotopic anomaly and stratification of Ca in magnetic Ap stars
Aims: We have completed an accurate investigation of the Ca isotopiccomposition and stratification in the atmospheres of 23 magneticchemically peculiar (Ap) stars of different temperature and magneticfield strength. Methods: With the UVES spectrograph at the 8 mESO VLT, we have obtained high-resolution spectra of Ap stars in thewavelength range 3000-10 000 Å. Using a detailed spectrumsynthesis calculations, we have reproduced a variety of Ca lines in theoptical and ultraviolet spectral regions, inferring the overall verticaldistribution of Ca abundance, and have deduced the relative isotopiccomposition and its dependence on height using the profile of theIR-triplet Ca II line at ?8498 Å. Results: In 22out of 23 studied stars, we found that Ca is strongly stratified, beingusually overabundant by 1.0-1.5 dex below log?5000?-1, and strongly depleted above log?5000=-1.5. TheIR-triplet Ca II line at ?8498 Å reveals a significantcontribution of the heavy isotopes 46Ca and 48Ca,which represent less than 1 % of the terrestrial Ca isotopic mixture. Weconfirm our previous finding that the presence of heavy Ca isotopes isgenerally anticorrelated with the magnetic field strength. Moreover, wediscover that in Ap stars with relatively small surface magnetic fields(?4-5 kG), the light isotope 40Ca is concentrated close tothe photosphere, while the heavy isotopes are dominant in the outeratmospheric layers. This vertical isotopic separation, observed for thefirst time for any metal in a stellar atmosphere, disappears in starswith magnetic field strength above 6-7 kG. Conclusions: Wesuggest that the overall Ca stratification and depth-dependent isotopicanomaly observed in Ap stars may be attributed to a combined action ofthe radiatively-driven diffusion and light-induced drift.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Paranal, Chile (ESO program No. 68.D-0254).
| Magnetic-field dependence of chemical anomalies in CP stars
The dependence of the degree of anomaly of parameter Z of Genevaphotometry ( Z0 = Z CP ℒ Z norm.) on theaverage surface magnetic field Bs is analyzed. The Z0 value isproportional to the degree of anomaly of chemical composition. It wasfound that Bs → 0 corresponds Z0 → ‑0.010÷‑0.015, i.e., part of CP stars are virtually devoid of magneticfield, but exhibit chemical anomalies. This effect may be due toselection whereby only objects with strong chemical anomalies areclassified as CP stars, thereby producing a deficit of stars withrelatively weak anomalies. Moreover, CP stars have other sources ofstabilization of their atmospheres besides the magnetic field, e.g.,slow rotation. Formulas relating Z0 to Bs are derived.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Temperature Behavior of Elemental Abundances in the Atmospheres of Magnetic Peculiar Stars
We analyze the temperature dependence of the abundances of the chemicalelements Si, Ca, Cr, and Fe in the atmospheres of normal, metallic-line(Am), magnetic peculiar (Ap), and pulsating magnetic peculiar (roAp)stars in the range 6000 15000 K. The Cr and Fe abundances in theatmospheres of Ap stars increase rapidly as the temperature rises from6000 to 9000 10000 K. Subsequently, the Cr abundance decreases to valuesthat exceed the solar abundance by an order of magnitude, while the Feabundance remains enhanced by approximately +1.0 dex compared to thesolar value. The temperature dependence of the abundances of theseelements in the atmospheres of normal and Am stars is similar in shape,but its maximum is several orders of magnitude lower than that observedfor Ap stars. In the range 6000 9500 K, the observed temperaturedependences for Ap stars are satisfactorily described in terms ofelement diffusion under the combined action of gravitational settlingand radiative acceleration. It may well be that diffusion also takesplace in the atmospheres of normal stars, but its efficiency is very lowdue to the presence of microturbulence. We show that the magnetic fieldhas virtually no effect on the Cr and Fe diffusion in Ap stars in therange of effective temperatures 6000 9500 K. The Ca abundance and itsvariation in the atmospheres of Ap stars can also be explained in termsof the diffusion model if we assume the existence of a stellar wind witha variable moderate rate of (2 4) × 10- 15 M ȯ yr-1.
| The spectroscopic signature of roAp stars
To reliably determine the spectroscopic signature of rapidly oscillatingchemically peculiar (roAp) stars it is also necessary to investigate asample of non pulsating chemically peculiar (noAp) as well as presumably``normal'' stars. We describe in this study the sample ofspectroscopically investigated stars and comment on the techniques usedfor the analysis. In particular we discuss ionization disequilibria ofrare earths in roAp stars that distinguish them from noAp stars. In thelight of the recently discovered pulsation of β CrB we seearguments that all magnetic CP2 stars up to a transition temperature ofabout 8100 K may be pulsating.Based on observations obtained at the European Southern Observatory (LaSilla, Chile), the Canadian-French-Hawaii telescope, the South AfricaAstronomical Observatory, The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and onnumerous SIMBAD interrogations.
| On the excitation mechanism in roAp stars
We investigate a model for the excitation of high-order oscillations inroAp stars. In this model we assume that the strong concentration ofmagnetic field about the magnetic poles is enough to suppressconvection. Thus the model considered is composed of two polar regions,in which convection is presumed to be suppressed totally, and anequatorial region, where the convection is unaffected. This model isgenerated by building pairs of locally spherically symmetricalequilibria to represent the polar and equatorial regions of the star,which are patched together below the base of the convection zone.Gravitational settling of heavy elements is taken into account bychoosing appropriate chemical composition profiles for both the polarand equatorial regions. Our results indicate that the composite model isunstable against axisymmetric non-radial high-order modes of pulsationthat are aligned with the magnetic poles. The oscillations are excitedby the κ mechanism acting principally in the hydrogen ionizationzones of the polar regions. The effect of the lateral inhomogeneity onthe second frequency differences is also investigated; we find that theperturbation to them by the inhomogeneity is of the same order as thesecond differences themselves, thereby hindering potential attempts touse such differences to identify the degrees of the modes in astraightforward way.
| FAUST observations in the Fourth Galactic Quadrant*
We analyse UV observations with FAUST of four sky fields in the generaldirection of the Fourth Galactic Quadrant, in which we detect 777 UVsources. This is ~50 per cent more than detected originally by Bowyer etal. We discuss the source detection process and the identification of UVsources with optical counterparts. For the first time in this project weuse ground-based objective-prism information for two of the fields, toselect the best-matching optical objects with which to identify the UVsources. Using this, and correlations with existing catalogues, wepresent reliable identifications for ~75 per cent of the sources. Mostof the remaining sources have assigned optical counterparts but, lackingadditional information, we offer only plausible identifications. Wediscuss the types of objects found, and compare the observed populationwith predictions of our UV Galaxy model.
| Rapidly oscillating Ap stars versus non-oscillating Ap stars
The positions in the HR diagram and the kinematic characteristics ofrapidly oscillating and non-oscillating chemically peculiar stars areobtained using new Hipparcos proper motions and parallaxes, and our ownradial velocity measurements. We find that rapidly oscillating stars, asa group, are (-0.47 +/- 0.34) mag above the zero-age main sequence(ZAMS), while the non-oscillating stars are (-1.20 +/- 0.65) mag abovethe ZAMS and so appear slightly more evolved on average. From thecomparison of the kinematical characteristics, we conclude that bothgroups are very similar. The results of radial velocity measurementsindicate that there is a real deficiency of binaries among rapidlyoscillating stars. Presently, no such star is known to be aspectroscopic binary.
| The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The mean magnetic field modulus of AP stars
We present new measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus of asample of Ap stars with spectral lines resolved into magnetically splitcomponents. We report the discovery of 16 new stars having thisproperty. This brings the total number of such stars known to 42. Wehave performed more than 750 measurements of the mean field modulus of40 of these 42 stars, between May 1988 and August 1995. The best of themhave an estimated accuracy of 25 - 30 G. The availability of such alarge number of measurements allows us to discuss for the first time thedistribution of the field modulus intensities. A most intriguing resultis the apparent existence of a sharp cutoff at the low end of thisdistribution, since no star with a field modulus (averaged over therotation period) smaller than 2.8 kG has been found in this study. Formore than one third of the studied stars, enough field determinationswell distributed throughout the stellar rotation cycle have beenachieved to allow us to characterize at least to some extent thevariations of the field modulus. These variations are oftensignificantly anharmonic, and it is not unusual for their extrema not tocoincide in phase with the extrema of the longitudinal field (for thefew stars for which enough data exist about the latter). This, togetherwith considerations on the distribution of the relative amplitude ofvariation of the studied stars, supports the recently emerging evidencefor markedly non-dipolar geometry and fine structure of the magneticfields of most Ap stars. New or improved determinations of the rotationperiods of 9 Ap stars have been achieved from the analysis of thevariations of their mean magnetic field modulus. Tentative values of theperiod have been derived for 5 additional stars, and lower limits havebeen established for 10 stars. The shortest definite rotation period ofan Ap star with magnetically resolved lines is 3.4 deg, while thosestars that rotate slowest appear to have periods in excess of 70 or 75years. As a result of this study, the number of known Ap stars withrotation periods longer than 30 days is almost doubled. We brieflyrediscuss the slow-rotation tail of the period distribution of Ap stars.This study also yielded the discovery of radial velocity variations in 8stars. There seems to be a deficiency of binaries with short orbitalperiods among Ap stars with magnetically resolved lines. Based onobservations collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla,Chile; ESO programmes Nos. 43.7-004, 44.7-012, 49.7-030, 50.7-067,51.7-041, 52.7-063, 53.7-028, 54.E-0416, and 55.E-0751), at theObservatoire de Haute-Provence (Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, France), atKitt Peak National Observatory, and at the Canada-France-HawaiiTelescope. Tables 2, 3, and 4 are also available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html.
| An analysis of the AP spectroscopic binary HD 59435.
HD 59435 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SB2), with slowlyrotating components of very similar luminosity. It was studied throughhigh-resolution spectroscopy, photometry and CORAVEL observations.Orbital elements are presented. The orbital period is 1387 days. Theline of sight lies close to the orbital plane, but no eclipses have beenobserved so far. The primary is an evolved G8 or K0 star, which haslikely just descended the Red Giant Branch. The secondary is a cool Apstar close to the end of its main-sequence life. It shows lines resolvedinto magnetically split components, from which its mean magnetic fieldmodulus can be diagnosed. The field varies with a remarkably largerelative amplitude, over a rotation period which is at least of theorder of 3 years.
| A kinematical study of rapidly oscillating AP stars.
A kinematical study of rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars and of asample of apparently similar Ap stars that show no pulsation isperformed, with a view to investigating possible differences between thetwo groups. The mean absolute magnitudes of the stars of both samples,derived through the mean parallax method, are at most marginallydifferent. From the consideration of the velocity ellipsoid parametersand of the mean orbital elements characterizing their motion in theGalaxy, the roAp stars appear significantly older than theirnon-pulsating counterparts.
| A catalog of far-ultraviolet point sources detected with the fast FAUST Telescope on ATLAS-1
We list the photometric measurements of point sources made by the FarUltraviolet Space Telescope (FAUST) when it flew on the ATLAS-1 spaceshuttle mission. The list contains 4698 Galactic and extragalacticobjects detected in 22 wide-field images of the sky. At the locationssurveyed, this catalog reaches a limiting magnitude approximately afactor of 10 fainter than the previous UV all-sky survey, TDl. Thecatalog limit is approximately 1 x 10-14 ergs A sq cm/s,although it is not complete to this level. We list for each object theposition, FUV flux, the error in flux, and where possible anidentification from catalogs of nearby stars and galaxies. Thesecatalogs include the Michigan HD (MHD) and HD, SAO, the HIPPARCOS InputCatalog, the Position and Proper Motion Catalog, the TD1 Catalog, theMcCook and Sion Catalog of white dwarfs, and the RC3 Catalog ofGalaxies. We identify 2239 FAUST sources with objects in the stellarcatalogs and 172 with galaxies in the RC3 catalog. We estimate thenumber of sources with incorrect identifications to be less than 2%.
| The Cape rapidly oscillating AP star survey - III. Null results of searches for high-overtone pulsation.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1994MNRAS.271..129M&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Dorade |
| Right ascension: | 04h36m30.78s |
| Declination: | -54°37'16.1" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.518 |
| Distance: | 296.736 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 22.6 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 30.4 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.883 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.549 |
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INHABITED SKY
