High-Resolution Observations of Interstellar Ca I Absorption-Implications for Depletions and Electron Densities in Diffuse Clouds
We present high-resolution (FWHM~0.3-1.5 km s-1) spectra,obtained with the AAT UHRF, the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m coudéspectrograph, and/or the KPNO coudé feed, of interstellar Ca Iabsorption toward 30 Galactic stars. Comparisons of the column densitiesof Ca I, Ca II, K I, and other species-for individual componentsidentified in the line profiles and also when integrated over entirelines of sight-yield information on relative electron densities anddepletions (dependent on assumptions regarding the ionizationequilibrium). There is no obvious relationship between the ratio N(CaI)/N(Ca II) [equal to ne/(Γ/αr) forphotoionization equilibrium] and the fraction of hydrogen in molecularform f(H2) (often taken to be indicative of the local densitynH). For a smaller sample of sight lines for which thethermal pressure (nHT) and local density can be estimated viaanalysis of the C I fine-structure excitation, the average electrondensity inferred from C, Na, and K (assuming photoionizationequilibrium) seems to be independent of nH andnHT. While the electron density (ne) obtained fromthe ratio N(Ca I)/N(Ca II) is often significantly higher than the valuesderived from other elements, the patterns of relative nederived from different elements show both similarities and differencesfor different lines of sight-suggesting that additional processesbesides photoionization and radiative recombination commonly andsignificantly affect the ionization balance of heavy elements in diffuseinterstellar clouds. Such additional processes may also contribute tothe (apparently) larger than expected fractional ionizations(ne/nH) found for some lines of sight withindependent determinations of nH. In general, inclusion of``grain-assisted'' recombination does reduce the inferred ne,but it does not reconcile the ne estimated from differentelements; it may, however, suggest some dependence of ne onnH. The depletion of calcium may have a much weakerdependence on density than was suggested by earlier comparisons with CHand CN. Two appendices present similar high-resolution spectra of Fe Ifor a few stars and give a compilation of column density data for Ca I,Ca II, Fe I, and S I.
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Long-term spectroscopic monitoring of the Luminous Blue Variable HD 160529
We have spectroscopically monitored the galactic Luminous Blue VariableHD 160529 and obtained an extensive high-resolution data set that coversthe years 1991 to 2002. During this period, the star evolved from anextended photometric minimum phase towards a new visual maximum. Inseveral observing seasons, we covered up to four months with almostdaily spectra. Our spectra typically cover most of the visual spectralrange with a high spectral resolution (lambda /Delta lambda ~ 20 000 ormore). This allows us to investigate the variability in many lines andon many time scales from days to years. We find a correlation betweenthe photospheric HeI lines and the brightness of the star, both on atime scale of months and on a time scale of years. The short-termvariations are smaller and do not follow the long-term trend, stronglysuggesting different physical mechanisms. Metal lines also show bothshort-term and long-term variations in strength and also a long-termtrend in radial velocity. Most of the line-profile variations can beattributed to changing strengths of lines. Propagating features in theline profiles are rarely observed. We find that the mass-loss rate of HD160529 is almost independent of temperature, i.e. visual brightness.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory atLa Silla, Chile (proposals 69.D-0378, 269.D-5038).
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Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
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Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part III. Additional fundamental stars with direct solutions
The FK6 is a suitable combination of the results of the HIPPARCOSastrometry satellite with ground-based data, measured over a longinterval of time and summarized mainly in the FK5. Part III of the FK6(abbreviated FK6(III)) contains additional fundamental stars with directsolutions. Such direct solutions are appropriate for single stars or forobjects which can be treated like single stars. Part III of the FK6contains in total 3272 stars. Their ground-based data stem from thebright extension of the FK5 (735 stars), from the catalogue of remainingSup stars (RSup, 732 stars), and from the faint extension of the FK5(1805 stars). From the 3272 stars in Part III, we have selected 1928objects as "astrometrically excellent stars", since their instantaneousproper motions and their mean (time-averaged) ones do not differsignificantly. Hence most of the astrometrically excellent stars arewell-behaving "single-star candidates" with good astrometric data. Thesestars are most suited for high-precision astrometry. On the other hand,354 of the stars in Part III are Δμ binaries in the sense ofWielen et al. (1999). Many of them are newly discovered probablebinaries with no other hitherto known indication of binarity. The FK6gives, besides the classical "single-star mode" solutions (SI mode),other solutions which take into account the fact that hidden astrometricbinaries among "apparently single-stars" introduce sizable "cosmicerrors" into the quasi-instantaneously measured HIPPARCOS proper motionsand positions. The FK6 gives, in addition to the SI mode, the "long-termprediction (LTP) mode" and the "short-term prediction (STP) mode". TheseLTP and STP modes are on average the most precise solutions forapparently single stars, depending on the epoch difference with respectto the HIPPARCOS epoch of about 1991. The typical mean error of anFK6(III) proper motion in the single-star mode is 0.59 mas/year. This isa factor of 1.34 better than the typical HIPPARCOS errors for thesestars of 0.79 mas/year. In the long-term prediction mode, in whichcosmic errors are taken into account, the FK6(III) proper motions have atypical mean error of 0.93 mas/year, which is by a factor of about 2better than the corresponding error for the HIPPARCOS values of 1.83mas/year (cosmic errors included).
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Five-colour photometry of OB-stars in the Southern Hemisphere
Observations of OB-stars, made in 1959 and 1960 at the Leiden SouthernStation near Hartebeespoortdam, South Africa, with the VBLUW photometerattached to the 90 cm light-collector, are given in this paper. They arecompared with photometry obtained by \cite[Graham (1968),]{gra68}\cite[Walraven & Walraven (1977),]{wal77} \cite[Lub & Pel(1977)]{lub77} and \cite[Van Genderen et al. (1984).]{gen84} Formulaefor the transformation of the present observations to those of\cite[Walraven & Walraven (1977)]{wal77} and \cite[Lub & Pel(1977)]{lub77} are given. Table 4 is only available in electronic format the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) orvia http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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On the Variability of Early A-Type Supergiants
An examination of the Hipparcos photometry of 26 bright early A-typesupergiants shows that they are all variable.
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A Radial Velocity Database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....113..823R&db_key=AST
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Long-term spectroscopic monitoring of BA-type supergiants. III. Variability of photospheric lines.
We obtained time series of spectra with high S/N and high resolution inwavelength and time of early-type A and late-type B supergiants (cf.Kaufer et al. 1996A&A...305..887K, Paper I, and Kaufer et al.1996A&A...314..599K, Paper II for the analysis of the variability ofthe stellar envelopes). In this work we inspect the time variations ofthe numerous photospheric line profiles in the optical spectrum. We findcomplex cyclical variations of the radial velocities with a typicalvelocity dispersion of σ=~3km/s. The correspondingequivalent-width variations are less than 1% of their mean if we assumea common modulation mechanism for both radial velocities and equivalentwidth. We do not find any depth dependence of the velocity fields in themetallic lines. For αCyg the Balmer lines show an increase of theradial velocity from H27 to H8 by 3km/s, which is identified with theonset of the radially accelerating velocity field of the stellar wind.The Cleaned periodograms of the radial-velocity curves show thesimultaneous excitation of multiple pulsation modes with periods longerand shorter than the estimated radial fundamental periods of theobjects, which might indicate the excitation of non-radial and radialovertones, respectively. The analysis of the line-profile variations(LPV) of the photospheric line spectrum reveals prograde travellingfeatures in the dynamical spectra. The travelling times of thesefeatures are in contradiction to the possible rotation periods of theseextended, slowly rotating objects. Therefore, we suggest that thesefeatures should be identified with non-radial pulsation modes, possiblyg-modes, of low order (l=|m|<~5).
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High S/N Echelle spectroscopy in young stellar groups. II. Rotational velocities of early-type stars in SCO OB2.
We investigate the rotational velocities of early-type stars in the ScoOB2 association. We measure v.sin(i) for 156 established and probablemembers of the association. The measurements are performed with threedifferent techniques, which are in increasing order of expectedv.sin(i): 1) converting the widths of spectral lines directly tov.sin(i), 2) comparing artificially broadened spectra of low v.sin(i)stars to the target spectrum, 3) comparing the HeI λ4026 lineprofile to theoretical models. The sample is extended with literaturedata for 47 established members of Sco OB2. Analysis of the v.sin(i)distributions shows that there are no significant differences betweenthe subgroups of Sco OB2. We find that members of the binary populationof Sco OB2 on the whole rotate more slowly than the single stars. Inaddition, we find that the B7-B9 single star members rotatesignificantly faster than their B0-B6 counterparts. We test varioushypotheses for the distribution of v.sin(i) in the association. Theresults show that we cannot clearly exclude any form of randomdistribution of the direction and/or magnitude of the intrinsicrotational velocity vector. We also investigate the effects of rotationon colours in the Walraven photometric system. We show that positions ofB7-B9 single dwarfs above the main sequence are a consequence ofrotation. This establishes the influence of rotation on the Walravencolours, due primarily to surface gravity effects.
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Long-term spectroscopic monitoring of BA-type supergiants. I. Halpha_ line-profile variability.
We have obtained time series of spectra in the wavelength range4000-6800 A over several months with high S/N and high resolution inwavelength (λ/{DELTA}λ=~20000) and time ({DELTA}t=~1d) ofthe late-type B and early-type A supergiants HD91619 (B7Ia), βOri(B8Ia), HD96919 (B9Ia), HD92207 (A0Ia), HD100262 (A2Ia) and αCyg(A2Ia). Halpha_ is found to show broad emission extended toabout +/-1200km/s for all objects except αCyg. Due to the lack ofstrong line-emission in Halpha_ the electron-scatteredphotons are expected to originate in deep atmospheric layers. In all ofthe objects the Halpha_-line profiles are found to be highlyvariable on different time scales reaching from days to months. Patternsof variation in Halpha_ are found to be quite symmetric aboutthe systemic velocity and are mainly due to variable blue andred-shifted emission superimposed on almost constant photospheric and/orwind profiles. These V/R variations are interpreted in terms of axialsymmetry of the envelopes of these objects. Time-series analyses of thevariations reveal Halpha_ time scales up to a factor of 6longer than expected radial fundamental pulsation periods but consistentwith rotational periods. Therefore, rotational modulation as a possiblesource of variability is concluded. Corotating weak magnetic surfacestructures are suggested as the source for a rotationally modulatedlower wind region. Suddenly appearing deep and highly blue-shiftedabsorptions in Halpha_ are ascribed to instabilities of theionization structure of the wind. Outwards propagating discreteabsorption components have been observed only once in HD92207.
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A spectroscopic database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
A database of published spectral classifications for objects in theStepenson-Sanduleak Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way catalog hasbeen compiled from the literature. A total of 6182 classifications for2562 stars from 139 sources are incorporated.
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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CH(+) in the interstellar medium
This paper describes observations of interstellar CH(+) along the linesof sight to O and B stars with E(B-V)s up to +1.13. Along some lines ofsight with strong detections of CH(+), we find distinct radial velocityshifts between the CH(+) lines and other neutral species, such as Ca Iand CH. The shifts are small but are predicted by shock models of CH(+)formation in which the shock is inclined with respect to the observer.We have also found no column densities exceeding approximately1013.8/sq cm. When these data are examined along with theother CH(+) data collected from the literature, the previously seentendency of CH(+) column density to increase with E(B-V) does notcontinue beyond reddenings of about +0.6. These findings offer supportto the shock model of CH(+) formation for at least some lines of sight.
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Spectroscopic monitoring of BA-type supergiants.
Not Available
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Second astrolabe catalogue of Santiago.
Positions for 350 FK5 and 164 FK5 Extension stars as determined with theDanjon astrolabe of Santiago and differences astrolabe-catalogue aregiven for Equinox J2000.0 and for the mean observation epoch of eachstar. The average mean error in alpha is +/-0.005s and +/-0.07" indelta. The mean epoch of observation of the catalogue is J1979.96.
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Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
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The calibration of the Stromgren photometric system for A, F and early G supergiants. I - The observational data
An empirical calibration of the Stromgren uvby-beta photometric systemfor the A, F, and early G supergiants is being derived. This paperexplains the observational program and the photometric reductiontechniques used and presents a catalog of new Stromgren photometry forover 600 A, F, and G supergiants.
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A survey of Balmer-line profiles and IRAS fluxes in forty yellow supergiants
Results of a survey of yellow supergiants (predominantly F and G) thatwas undertaken to search for distorted Balmer lines are presented. Acomparison between the photometrically variable and nonvariablesupergiants is made with respect to the distorted and undistortedBalmer-line profiles. To complement the analysis, IRAS data are used todetect excess infrared emission, to infer circumstellar dust, and tosuggest a possible prior M supergiant evolutionary phase. Plans forfuture work are briefly discussed.
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The maximum amplitude of the optical micro-variations of massive O-F type stars (or Alpha Cygni variables, including LBV's or S DOR variables) across the HR diagram
The maximum light amplitude (MLA) of the microvariations of nearly 100massive stars with spectral type O 3-F8 are collected from theliterature and unpublished material. These variables, called the AlphaCygni variables, also include the LBVs or S Dor type variables. The SDor type variables must be in a quiescent stage to detect theirintrinsic variations properly. The log T(eff)/MLA diagram exhibits aclear separation between S Dor type variables and the normal Alpha Cygnivariables (the majority). The results suggest that the outer layers ofboth types of stars where gravity waves presumably occur, differphysically from each other.
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Non-canonical insights into the evolution of stars. II - Are variable supergiants indeed pulsating?
It is shown that the interpretation of the observed semiperiodicluminosity or radial-velocity variations of supergiants in terms ofnonradial pulsations is not as straightforward as often believed. Theobserved semiperiodic luminosity-light dependence can also be derivedunder the assumption of rotational modulation or orbital motion in abinary system. Consideration is also given to the hypothesis that atleast some of the variable supergiants are actually contacts ornear-contacts of the more massive components of unrecognized binarysystems with a low mass-ratio.
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Small Magellanic Cloud: H-gamma-line equivalent widths and luminosity classes of the brightest blue star members
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1987A&AS...69..421A&db_key=AST
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On the CH(+) ion in diffuse interstellar clouds
A survey of 65 lines of sight in the southern Milky Way for theinterstellar line of CH(+) at 4232 A yielded 30 detections. The CH(+)column density N(CH+) is shown to be well correlated with therotationally excited H2 detected by surveys with the Copernicussatellite: log N(CH+)/N(H2)ex inversely proportional to 2500/T(ex),where T(ex) is the excitation temperature of H2 provided by the observedpopulations in rotational levels J of about 3-5. This correlation isstrong evidence that CH(+) is formed in warm gas where the reaction C(+)+ H2 yields CH(+) + H is effective. Shocks probably provide thenecessary heating.
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Erratum - Distant Blue Stars in the Southern Milky-Way
Not Available
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UBV photometry for southern OB stars
New UBV photometry of 1227 OB stars in the southern Milky Way ispresented. For 1113 of these stars, MK spectral types have been reportedpreviously in a comprehensive survey to B = 10.0 mag.
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Variability and mass loss in IA O-B-A supergiants
Recently completed catalogs of MK spectral types and UBV photometry of1227 OB stars in the southern Milky Way have been analyzed toinvestigate brightness and color variability among the Ia supergiants.It is found that brightness variability is common among the O9-B1supergiants with typical amplitudes about 0.1 and time scales longerthan a week and shorter than 1000 days. Among the A supergiantsfluctuations in U-B color are found on similar time scales and withamplitude about 0.1. For many early Ia supergaints there is a poorcorrelation between Balmer jump and spectral type, as had been knownpreviously. An attempt to correlate the Balmer jump deficiency with massloss rate yielded uncertain results.
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Variable stars in the General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes
Not Available
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Variable Stars in the LSS Catalogue
Not Available
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Infrared photometry of southern early-type stars
The paper presents infrared photometry tied to the JHKL (1.2-3.5microns) broadband photometric system for 229 southern early-type stars.To determine data for stars of low reddening intrinsic visual-IR colorindices were used; the E(V-K)/E(B-V) diagram was applied to evaluate theratio of total selective extinction. A mean value of R = 3.12 plus orminus 0.05 was found for stars close to the galactic plane, but a highervalue of R (about 4.0) applies to the Orion and Sco-Oph regions.Infrared two-color diagrams were used to investigate the occurrence ofinfrared excess emission in different classes of shell star; no excesseswere found for supergiants or Of stars. It is concluded that theanomalous position HD 164740 in the two-color diagrams is produced bystrong infrared excess and not by a peculiar extinction law.
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Supergiant variability - Amplitudes and pulsation constants in relation with mass loss and convection
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1980A&A....90..311M&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
