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3D mapping of the dense interstellar gas around the Local Bubble
We present intermediate results from a long-term program of mapping theneutral absorption characteristics of the local interstellar medium,motivated by the availability of accurate and consistent parallaxes fromthe Hipparcos satellite. Equivalent widths of the interstellar NaID-line doublet at 5890 Å are presented for the lines-of-sighttowards some 311 new target stars lying within ~ 350 pc of the Sun.Using these data, together with NaI absorption measurements towards afurther ~ 240 nearby targets published in the literature (for many ofthem, in the directions of molecular clouds), and the ~ 450lines-of-sight already presented by (Sfeir et al. \cite{sfeir99}), weshow 3D absorption maps of the local distribution of neutral gas towards1005 sight-lines with Hipparcos distances as viewed from a variety ofdifferent galactic projections.The data are synthesized by means of two complementary methods, (i) bymapping of iso-equivalent width contours, and (ii) by densitydistribution calculation from the inversion of column-densities, amethod devised by Vergely et al. (\cite{vergely01}). Our present dataconfirms the view that the local cavity is deficient in cold and neutralinterstellar gas. The closest dense and cold gas ``wall'', in the firstquadrant, is at ~ 55-60 pc. There are a few isolated clouds at closerdistance, if the detected absorption is not produced by circumstellarmaterial.The maps reveal narrow or wide ``interstellar tunnels'' which connectthe Local Bubble to surrounding cavities, as predicted by the model ofCox & Smith (1974). In particular, one of these tunnels, defined bystars at 300 to 600 pc from the Sun showing negligible sodiumabsorption, connects the well known CMa void (Gry et al. \cite{gry85}),which is part of the Local Bubble, with the supershell GSH 238+00+09(Heiles \cite{heiles98}). High latitude lines-of-sight with the smallestabsorption are found in two ``chimneys'', whose directions areperpendicular to the Gould belt plane. The maps show that the LocalBubble is ``squeezed'' by surrounding shells in a complicated patternand suggest that its pressure is smaller than in those expandingregions.We discuss the locations of several HI and molecular clouds. Usingcomparisons between NaI and HI or CO velocities, in some cases we areable to improve the constraints on their distances. According to thevelocity criteria, MBM 33-37, MBM 16-18, UT 3-7, and MBM 54-55 arecloser than ~ 100 pc, and MBM 40 is closer than 80 pc. Dense HI cloudsare seen at less than 90 pc and 85 pc in the directions of the MBM 12and MBM 41-43 clouds respectively, but the molecular clouds themselvesmay be far beyond. The above closest molecular clouds are located at theneutral boundary of the Bubble. Only one translucent cloud, G192-67, isclearly embedded within the LB and well isolated.These maps of the distribution of local neutral interstellar NaI gas arealso briefly compared with the distribution of both interstellar dustand neutral HI gas within 300 pc.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp:cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/411/447
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i
This work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars. I. Measurement of v sin i in the southern hemisphere
Within the scope of a Key Programme determining fundamental parametersof stars observed by HIPPARCOS, spectra of 525 B8 to F2-type starsbrighter than V=8 have been collected at ESO. Fourier transforms ofseveral line profiles in the range 4200-4500 Å are used to derivev sin i from the frequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis ofthe sample indicates that measurement error is a function of v sin i andthis relative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 6%on average. The results obtained are compared with data from theliterature. There is a systematic shift from standard values from\citet{Slk_75}, which are 10 to 12% lower than our findings. Comparisonswith other independent v sin i values tend to prove that those fromSlettebak et al. are underestimated. This effect is attributed to thepresence of binaries in the standard sample of Slettebak et al., and tothe model atmosphere they used. Based on observations made at theEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO), La Silla, Chile, in the frameworkof the Key Programme 5-004-43K. Table 4 is only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5)or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/381/105
| A-shell stars in the Geneva system
Among the various kinds of A stars having a peculiar spectrum, we findthe A-shell stars. Many questions are still open concerning these stars,including their evolutionary status. In the present study we have useddata from the Hipparcos catalogue to examine this point. We have foundthat the majority of A-shell stars are well above the main sequence. Nodifferences could be established between A-shell stars in luminosityclasses III and I and those in luminosity class V as regardsvariability, duplicity, or the importance of the shell feature.
| Radial velocities of HIPPARCOS southern B8-F2 type stars
Radial velocities have been determined for a sample of B8-F2 type starsobserved by the Hipparcos satellite. Observations were obtained withinthe framework of an ESO key-program. Radial velocities have beenmeasured using a cross-correlation method, the templates being a grid ofsynthetic spectra. The obtained precision depends on effectivetemperature and projected rotational velocity of the star as well as ona possible asymmetry of the correlation peak generally due to secondarycomponents. New spectroscopic binaries have been detected from theseasymmetries and the variability of the measured radial velocity.Simulations of binary and triple systems have been performed. Forbinaries our results have been compared with Hipparcos binary data.Adding the variable radial velocities, the minimum binary fraction hasbeen found 60% for physical systems. Radial velocities have beendetermined for 581 B8-F2 stars, 159 being new. Taking into accountpublished radial velocities, 39% south A-type stars with V magnitudelower than 7.5 have a radial velocity. Based on observations obtained atthe European Southern Observatory (ESO, La Silla, Chile) and on datafrom the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.}\fnmsep \thanks{Tables 7, 8and 9 are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftpto cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| An extensive Delta a-photometric survey of southern B and A type bright stars
Photoelectric photometry of 803 southern BS objects in the Deltaa-system as detection tool for magnetic chemically peculiar (=CP2) starshas been carried out and compared to published spectral types. Thestatistical yield of such objects detected by both techniques ispractically the same. We show that there are several factors whichcontaminate the search for these stars, but this contamination is onlyof the order of 10% in both techniques. We find a smooth transition fromnormal to peculiar stars. Our sample exhibits the largest fraction ofCP2 stars at their bluest colour interval, i.e. 10% of all stars in thecolour range -0.19 <= B-V < -0.10 or -0.10 <= b-y < -0.05.No peculiar stars based on the Delta a-criterion were found at bluercolours. Towards the red side the fraction of CP2 stars drops to about3% for positive values of B-V or b-y with red limits roughlycorresponding to normal stars of spectral type A5. The photometricbehaviour of other peculiar stars: Am, HgMn, delta Del, lambda Boo, Heabnormal stars, as well as Be/shell stars and supergiants shows someslight, but definite deviations from normal stars. Spectroscopic andvisual binaries are not distinguished from normal stars in their Delta abehaviour. The results of this work justify larger statistical work(e.g. in open clusters) employing more time-saving photometric methods(CCD). \newpage Based on observations obtained at the European SouthernObservatory, La Silla, Chile. This research has made use of the Simbaddatabase, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Table 2 is only availablein electronic form via anonymous ftp 130.79.128.5 orhttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The beta Pictoris Phenomenon in A-Shell Stars: Detection of Accreting Gas
We present the results of an expanded survey of A-shell stars using IUEhigh-dispersion spectra and find accreting, circumstellar gas in theline of sight to nine stars, in addition to the previously identifiedbeta Pic, HR 10, and 131 Tau, which can be followed to between +70 and100 km s-1 relative to the star. Two of the program stars, HD 88195 andHD 148283, show variable high-velocity gas. Given the small number ofIUE spectra for our program stars, detection of high-velocity, accretinggas in 2/3 of the A-shell stars sampled indicates that accretion is anintrinsic part of the A-shell phenomenon and that beta Pic is not uniqueamong main-sequence A stars in exhibiting such activity. Our programstars, as a group, have smaller column densities of high-velocity gasand smaller near-IR excesses compared with beta Pic. These features areconsistent with greater central clearing of a remnant debris disk,compared with beta Pic, and suggest that the majority of field A-shellstars are older than beta Pic.
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| Radial velocity studies of A-type shell stars.
We have measured radial velocities for a sample of A-type shell stars.We examine the results for the H I, Ti II and Ca II shell lines andcompared them with the radial velocities derived for the underlyingstars. We found that the A-type shell stars reproduce on a smaller scalethe phenomena observed in B-type shell stars.
| The beta Pictoris Phenomenon in A-Shell Stars
We present the results of an on-going survey of IUE recent and archivalspectra of A-shell stars for accreting, circumstellar gas similar tothat seen toward beta Pic. Compared to previous, optical surveys, theUV, and particularly the mid-UV is rich in high-oscillator strengthtransitions of cosmically abundant elements, providing more sensitiveprobes of circumstellar material than can be obtained in opticalsurveys. Accreting material is detected in HD 88195, HD 38090, HD 15253,HD 38090, and HD 42111 in addition to the previously reported detectionsfor HR 10, 51 Oph, and beta Pic. Given the limited number of IUEobservations, together with the high detection rate, the available dataimply that accreting circumstellar gas is routinely in the line of sightto these stars, in contrast to the classical Be stars for whichaccretion events are comparatively rare. The optically brighter stars inour sample are IRAS sources; given the faint V magnitudes we havedetected either the presence of companions or circumstellar dust.Several of the program stars have residual Hα emission in publishedspectra. Previous studies have suggested that A-shell stars represent anextension to lower stellar luminosities of the classical Be phenomenon,in which case we would expect only sporadic detections of accretingmaterial. Nevertheless, the overall level of the accreting gas, thepresence of incipient Hα emission, and the presence of modest IRexcesses, compared to Herbig Ae stars, suggests a closer link to theHerbig Ae stars and objects like beta Pic. This study was supportedunder NASA Contract NASW-4756 to the Applied Research Corporation.
| An optical search for Beta Pictoris-like disks around nearby stars
A coronagraphic survey of more than one hundred stars has been carriedout in a search at optical wavelengths for circumstellar materialsimilar to that found in the Beta Pictoris disk. The survey stars wereprimarily dwarfs in the spectral range A to K and most were closer than100 pc. No evidence of circumstellar material was found around any ofthe stars, suggesting that Beta Pictoris is an abnormal object,surrounded by an unusually large amount of optically scatteringmaterial.
| Anomalous infrared emitters among A-type stars
Spectroscopic observations of a sample of 26 stars have been analyzed inthe blue and near-IR to find out if anomalous IR emitters (AIEs) have aspectral signature. It is found that many, but not all, such starsexhibit shell characteristics. Analysis of available IRAS photometricobservations of A-type stars shows that the detection of circumstellarfeatures depends strongly on the number of IR bands at which the objectwas observed. Out of the 707 stars observed by IRAS, 41 AIEs, or 5.7percent, are found. Among nonsupergiant AIEs, 23 percent show shellfeatures. The true percentage of AIEs among A-type stars is estimated tobe 1.5 percent in a volume-corrected sample. A list of 24 stars whichwere apparently not previously detected as AIEs is given.
| Search for Beta Pictoris-like star
The results are reported of a systematic search for Beta Pic-like stars,undertaken at ESO, CFHT and OHP. The candidate stars, either IRAS excessstars or shell stars, are investigated by means of high resolutionspectroscopy in the Ca II and Na I lines, which in the case of Beta Pic,are very peculiar. The observations are presented and it is shown thatamong the selected stars, few do show spectral similarities with BetaPic. Some interesting cases, HR10, HR2174, HR9043 and HR6519 arediscussed.
| The Paschen P7 line in Be, AE and shell type stars
Observations of 36 Be, Ae, and shell stars in the region 984-1020 nm arepresented. P7 is seen in emission until AO and not afterwards. Fe II999.7 nm is seen in emission in about the same types; both emissionshave similar structures, and a good correlation exists between theequivalent widths of both lines. Also detected in nine Be stars is1.0173-micron emission and in four stars 995.6-nm emission. Both linesbelong to Fe II and appear when 999.7 nm is strong in emission.
| A survey of AE and A-type shell stars in the photographic region
A total of 28 northern Ae and A-type shell stars were observed in thephotographic spectral region. A regular pattern of line behavior withspectral type was found, which in part prolongs the behavior of Be starstoward cooler stars, although a discontinuity seems present around A0. Asurvey of other data concerning colors, rotation, variability, etc., isalso presented. Photometrically the stars simulate the behavior ofhigher-luminosity objects. A large proportion of shells seems to bevariable. The attempt to detect new shell stars among 13 stars known tobe rapid rotators with normal spectra failed, however.
| H-alpha and near-infrared spectra of late-type Be and A F-type shell stars
Profiles of H-alpha and the near-infrared lines of O I and Ca II in thespectra of a number of bright Be stars of later type, and A - F shellstars were obtained with a CCD detector at the Kitt Peak coude feedtelescope in November 1984. The lines studied show sharp absorptioncores in the shell stars, as expected, and there appears to be a smoothtransition from the late-type Be stars to the A-type shell stars.However, the H-alpha line changes from emission to absorption ratherabruptly from the late Be stars to the early A-type shell stars.
| Ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of some Be stars of later type and A-F type shell stars
High-dispersion IUE spectra of 18 later type Be and A-F type shell starsas well as eight standard nonemission line stars have been analyzed foranomalous ionization and mass loss effects. It is found thatsuperionization in the Be stars extends to the latest spectral subtypesbut does not seem to be present in the A-F type stars. The superionizedlines in the Be stars appear to be correlated with v sin i. Asymmetricalor violet-displaced resonance lines suggesting mass loss are observed inall the Be stars except one, in some of the standard stars, but not inthe A-F stars. Lower limits to the mass loss rates computed from Si IVlines range between 5.3 x 10 to the -12th and 3.5 x 10 to the -11thsolar masses/yr, with Be shell stars showing the largest values. Massloss is correlated with luminosity and effective temperature but notwith rotation.
| Spectral types and rotational velocities of the brighter Be stars and A-F type shell stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1982ApJS...50...55S&db_key=AST
| Spectral classification from the ultraviolet line features of S2/68 spectra. III - Early A-type stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978A&AS...33...15C&db_key=AST
| Bright southern stars of astrophysical interest
The paper lists a number of bright peculiar stars in the SouthernHemisphere discovered on 20-A/mm spectrograms. Recent information isalso given for a few known peculiar objects. The lists include: oneLambda Boo star, 4 Hg and other Bp stars, 7 Am stars, 17 shell oremission-line stars, and 37 double-lined spectroscopic binaries, amongwhich are two triple-lined, four composite, eight variable or eclipsing,and three peculiar shell and/or emission-line systems.
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| קבוצת-כוכבים: | ארנבת |
| התרוממות ימנית: | 05h42m13.90s |
| סירוב: | -22°22'25.0" |
| גודל גלוי: | 5.87 |
| מרחק: | 234.742 פארסק |
| תנועה נכונה: | 0.4 |
| תנועה נכונה: | 9.4 |
| B-T magnitude: | 5.97 |
| V-T magnitude: | 5.88 |
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