B Star Rotational Velocities in h and χ Persei: A Probe of Initial Conditions during the Star Formation Epoch?
Projected rotational velocities (vsini) have been measured for 216 B0-B9stars in the rich, dense h and χ Persei double cluster and comparedwith the distribution of rotational velocities for a sample of fieldstars having comparable ages (t~12-15 Myr) and masses (M~4-15Msolar). For stars that are relatively little evolved fromtheir initial locations on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) (those withmasses M~4-5 Msolar), the mean vsini measured for the h andχ Per sample is slightly more than 2 times larger than the meandetermined for field stars of comparable mass, and the cluster and fieldvsini distributions differ with a high degree of significance. Forsomewhat more evolved stars with masses in the range 5-9Msolar, the mean vsini in h and χ Per is 1.5 times thatof the field; the vsini distributions differ as well, but with a lowerdegree of statistical significance. For stars that have evolvedsignificantly from the ZAMS and are approaching the hydrogen exhaustionphase (those with masses in the range 9-15 Msolar), thecluster and field star means and distributions are only slightlydifferent. We argue that both the higher rotation rates and the patternof rotation speeds as a function of mass that differentiatemain-sequence B stars in h and χ Per from their field analogs werelikely imprinted during the star formation process rather than a resultof angular momentum evolution over the 12-15 Myr cluster lifetime. Wespeculate that these differences may reflect the effects of the higheraccretion rates that theory suggests are characteristic of regions thatgive birth to dense clusters, namely, (1) higher initial rotationspeeds; (2) higher initial radii along the stellar birth line, resultingin greater spin-up between the birth line and the ZAMS; and (3) a morepronounced maximum in the birth line radius-mass relationship thatresults in differentially greater spin-up for stars that become mid- tolate-B stars on the ZAMS.
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On the behavior of the Cii 4267.261, 6578.052 and 6582.882 Å lines in chemically peculiar and standard stars
With the aim of investigating the possible particular behavior of carbonin a sample of chemically peculiar stars of the main sequence withoutturning to modeling, we performed spectroscopic observations of threeimportant and usually prominent single ionized carbon lines: 4267.261,6578.052 and 6582.882 Å. In addition, we observed a large numberof standard stars in order to define a kind of normality strip, usefulfor comparing the observed trend for the peculiar stars. We paidparticular attention to the problem of the determination of fundamentalatmospheric parameters, especially for the chemically peculiar stars forwhich the abundance anomalies change the flux distribution in such a waythat the classical photometric methods to infer effective temperaturesand gravities parameter cannot be applied. Regarding CP stars, we founda normal carbon abundance in Hg-Mn, Si (with some exceptions) and Hestrong stars. He weak stars are normal too, but with a large spread outof the data around the mean value. A more complicated behavior has beennoted in the group of SrCrEu stars: four out of seven show a strongoverabundance, being the others normal.
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Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
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On the Variability of Late B III-V Stars
We investigate the Hipparcos Satellite photometry of luminosity classIII-V B6-B9 stars. Most are relatively non-variable. Candidates forwhich further study is desirable are identified.
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Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
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The 74th Special Name-list of Variable Stars
We present the Name-list introducing GCVS names for 3153 variable starsdiscovered by the Hipparcos mission.
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New variable chemically peculiar stars identified in the HIPPARCOS archive
Since variability of chemically peculiar (CP) stars plays an importantrole for the astrophysical explanation of their outstanding behaviour,we have identified new variable CP stars listed in Renson's catalogueusing the extensive Hipparcos Variability Annex. From the 293 objectsfound, 33 were excluded because they are no CP stars and/or have noperiod listed, half of the remaining stars are newly identified and halfhad been already included in the catalogue of variable CP stars by\cite[Catalano & Renson (1997).]{Ca} Most of the newly identifiedvariability is due to an apparent magnetic field coupled with stellarrotation (oblique rotator model). The constraints of this model arefulfilled for all but three CP2 stars. Variations of bona fide Am-Fmstars are exclusively explained by eclipses of binary systems.Furthermore eight candidates of the >~mma Doradus group (pulsatingAm-Fm stars) were detected. Based on data from the ESA Hipparcosastrometry satellite. Table 1 is also available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) orvia\break http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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Magnesium abundance in main sequence B-type and magnetic chemically peculiar stars.
The abundance of magnesium for a sample of 19 main sequence B-type and41 magnetic chemically peculiar stars has been derived by spectrumsynthesis analysis of the MgII448.1nm line under the LTE assumption. Thelogarithm of the average Mg abundance for the main sequence stars is log(N(MgII)/N(Tot))=-4.28+/-0.19. Comparing magnetic chemically peculiar(Cp) and main sequence stars with equal effective temperature andgravity, one finds that the magnesium abundance tends to be lower inpeculiar stars with the exception of helium rich stars where thiselement can be overabundant. In Cp stars with effective temperature ofabout 14000K, the magnesium abundance does not depend on gravity,microturbulent velocity or rotational period. There appears to exist acorrelation between the magnesium abundance and the surface magneticfield, with the stars poorest in magnesium presenting the strongestmagnetic fields. In accord with the theory of magnetically controlleddiffusion - which predicts a non-homogeneous distribution of magnesiumover the stellar surface and stratification in the photosphere - somepeculiar stars show evidence of spectral variability with the rotationalphase; the respective magnesium abundances of the HgMn stars HD49606 andHD78316 depend on optical depth.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XIII. Measurements During 1989- 1994 From the Cerro Tololo 4 M Telescope
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....111..936H&db_key=AST
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The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
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Radial velocities and axial rotation for a sample of chemically peculiar stars.
As part of a systematic project we have determined radial velocities andprojected rotational velocities for a sample of 186 chemically peculiarstars which have been observed by the Hipparcos' satellite. The purposeis to provide necessary data to study the space velocities of peculiarstars.
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A new list of effective temperatures of chemically peculiar stars. II.
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Evolutionary status and chemical composition of the atmospheres of He-weak stars.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. VIII - Measurements during 1989-1991 from the Cerro Tololo 4 M telescope
One-thousand eighty-eight observations of 947 binary star systems,observed by means of speckle interferometry with the 4 m telescope onCerro Tololo, are presented. These measurements, made during the period1989-1991, comprise the second installment of results stemming from theexpansion of our speckle program to the southern hemisphere.
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Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometry of helium stars
Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometric analysis of helium stars arepresented. A linear relation exists between the effective temperaturederived from model atmospheres and (1965-V)0 index. The effectivetemperatures derived from (1965-V)0 index are somewhat higher than thatof MK spectral type estimates especially for late B-type helium objects.
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Walraven photometry of nearby southern OB associations
Homogeneous Walraven (VBLUW) photometry is presented for 5260 stars inthe regions of five nearby southern OB associations: Scorpio Centaurus(Sco OB2), Orion OB1, Canis Major OB1, Monoceros OB1, and Scutum OB2.Derived V and (B - V) in the Johnson system are included.
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On the (B-V) colors of the bright stars
The possible causes of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of nearby stars inthe Bright Star Catalog are investigated. The distribution of (B-V)colors is presented for the entire range of spectral classes.Explanations for the dispersion in terms of a nonuniform distribution ofinterstellar absorbing material and a variability of metallicity areaddressed. A new statistical model for reddening by interstellar dustclouds is developed. It is concluded that extinction by nonuniforminterstellar matter is an important contribution to the reddening ofnearby stars, and that a part of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of Kand, possibly, M giants may be due to some unidentified variableproperty of those stars.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. II - Measurements during 1982-1985 from the Kitt Peak 4 M telescope
This paper represents the continuation of a systematic program of binarystar speckle interferometry initiated at the 4 m telescope on Kitt Peakin late 1975. Between 1975 and 1981, the observations were obtained witha photographic speckle camera, the data from which were reduced byoptical analog methods. In mid-1982, a new speckle camera employing anintensified charge-coupled device as the detector continued the programand necessitated the development of new digital procedures for reducingand analyzing speckle data. The camera and the data-processingtechniques are described herein. This paper presents 2780 newmeasurements of 1012 binary and multiple star systems, including thefirst direct resolution of 64 systems, for the interval 1982 through1985.
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The abundance of Gallium in B-type chemically peculiar stars
Quantitative analyses of the Ga abundances in 27 Hg-Mn stars, 11 Si(magnetic) stars, eight He-weak stars, and seven normal stars are madewith the resonance lines of Ga II at 1414 A and Ga III at 1495 A inInternational Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra. The Ga overabundancesare confirmed as a genuine anomaly in many peculiar stars. Only upperlimits of the Ga abundance can be obtained for some stars. However,these upper limits are much lower than those inferred from visualspectra. Among the 27 Hg-Mn stars, 17 stars are distributed in a rangeof 2.0-3.8 dex of overabundances of Ga. Ten other stars show upperlimits of less than 2.1 dex. Fifteen of the 20 hotter Hg-Mn stars, withTeff greater than 11,000 K, show high overabundances in a narrow rangeof 2.6-3.8 dex, while among seven cooler Hg-Mn stars, only the star HR7775 shows the same overabundance as in the hotter 15 stars. Of 11 Sistars, nine stars have Ga overabundances ranging from 1.9 to 3.2 dex.Gallium is overabundant in five out of eight He-weak stars in the rangeof 1.7-3.2 dex, while in the three other stars the upper limits are lessthan 1.3 dex. The Ga abundances in normal stars are all upper limitswhich roughly correspond to the solar value.
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On the Effective Temperatures of Chemically Peculiar Stars
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Observational problems of investigation of stars with anomalous helium lines.
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The resonance lines of aluminum in IUE spectra of B-type chemically peculiar stars
The resonance lines of aluminum in IUE spectra of 22 Hg-Mn stars, fiveSi-type (magnetic) stars, seven helium-weak stars, and seven normalstars are analyzed. The Al II resonance line at 1670.79 A and the Al IIIline at 1862.79 A are used to determine the Al Abundances. The Alabundances in normal stars are found to be nearly normal except forAlpha Lyr, in which Al is underabundant by 0.8 dex. The Al II line inthe five coolest Hg-Mn stars is slightly weaker than in normal B9 stars.The Al lines are definitely weak in the other 17 Hg-Mn stars, and Al isapparently underabundant by 1.2 dex on average. The Hg-Mn star Kappa Cncshows the weakest Al lines among observed Bp stars, and Al is about 2.0dex underabundant in this star. No clear dependence of the Al abundanceon the effective temperature is found for Hg-Mn stars except for thefive coolest stars. Al is underabundant by about 1.0 dex in Si-typestars and in He-weak stars, except for the hot Si-type star HD 34452, inwhich Al is nearly normal. Observed abundances of Al in Bp stars do notconfirm the suggestion of the diffusion theory that Al may beoverabundant.
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Radial velocities of bright southern stars. I - 139 B-type HR and FK stars
Radial velocity determinations for 139 southern B stars in the BrightStar, FK4, and FK4 Supplement catalogues and for 53 bright southernlate-type stars are presented, based on coudespectrograms taken with theESO 1.5 m telescope at La Silla. The programs, observations,measurements, and reductions are described. Among the data presented arethe visual magnitude, spectral class, mean error, E/T variabilityparameter, velocity of interstellar lines, and rotation class.
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Photoelectric photometry of peculiar and related stars. II Delta-a-photometry of 339 southern Ap-stars
Delta-a system photometry of the sample of Ap stars from Bidelman andMcConnell's (1973) catalogue is discussed. Comparing delta-ameasurements in four marginally different systems, slight modificationsof the delta-a photometric system are found to be uncritical except forthe wavelength of the depression filter g2. The reddening-free index isvery efficient for silicon and chromium stars, and the spectroscopicdetection probability for these stars decreases with decreasingtemperature. Comparison of delta-a results with the Geneva index delta(V1-G) confirms that the latter's efficiency in recognizing peculiaritydrops strongly from hot to cool Ap stars. A decrease of delta-a towardsthe hot Ap stars is found using the a vs. (u-b) diagram, implying thatb-v is an unsuitable temperature indicator for such stars. The lowaverage intrinsic variability of the delta-a in the sample, whencompared with the small variation of integrated surface magnetic fieldsin case of dipole configuration, implies that the wavelength 5200feature correlates with the surface magnetic field strength.
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Catalogue of photometric data related to surface magnetic fields for B-type stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1980A&AS...41..111C&db_key=AST
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The helium-3 stars
An investigation was conducted with the objective to examine a sample ofHe-weak stars, as well as some 'normal' stars in the same temperaturerange. A variety of other hot peculiar objects, including Si and Hg-Mnstars, were also observed. The identification of He-3 is made byaccurately measuring the small isotope shifts of the He I lines in thevisible spectrum. The expected isotope shifts for pure He-3 wereprovided by Fred et al. (1951). Definite He-3 stars include 3 CentauriA, Alpha Sculptoris, Iota Orionis B, HR 1951, HR 2306, HR 7129, HR 7467,and HD 191980. Attention is also given to probable He-3 stars, andquestions regarding the existence of He-3 in silicon stars
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Intermediate band photometry of early-type stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977PASP...89..205E&db_key=AST
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Spectral classification from the ultraviolet line features of S2/68 spectra. II - Late B-type stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977A&AS...30...71C&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
