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Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program. Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes
To understand the formation and evolution of solar-type stars in thesolar neighborhood, we need to measure their stellar parameters to highaccuracy. We present a catalogue of accurate stellar parameters for 451stars that represent the HARPS Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO)“high precision” sample. Spectroscopic stellar parameterswere measured using high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra acquired with theHARPS spectrograph. The spectroscopic analysis was completed assumingLTE with a grid of Kurucz atmosphere models and the recent ARES code formeasuring line equivalent widths. We show that our results agree wellwith those ones presented in the literature (for stars in common). Wepresent a useful calibration for the effective temperature as a functionof the index color B-V and [Fe/H]. We use our results to study themetallicity-planet correlation, namely for very low mass planets. Theresults presented here suggest that in contrast to their joviancouterparts, neptune-like planets do not form preferentially aroundmetal-rich stars. The ratio of jupiter-to-neptunes is also an increasingfunction of stellar metallicity. These results are discussed in thecontext of the core-accretion model for planet formation.Based on observations collected at La Silla Observatory, ESO, Chile,with the HARPS spectrograph at the 3.6-m telescope (072.C-0488(E)). FullTables 1 and 3 are only available in electronic form at the CDS vianonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/487/373
| The impact of stellar duplicity on planet occurrence and properties. I. Observational results of a VLT/NACO search for stellar companions to 130 nearby stars with and without planets
Context: Although it is commonly agreed that the presence of a closestellar companion is likely to affect planet formation and evolution,the precise effects and their actual impact on planet occurrence arestill debated. Different conclusions have been reached on thetheoretical side, while observational constraints are sparse, aconsequence of the discrimination against close binaries in Dopplerplanet searches. Accordingly, basic questions such as how hospitablebinaries are to planets and how binary separation and mass ratio impacton planet formation, remain poorly known. Aims: In an effort to bringobservational constraints on the occurrence and properties of planets inbinaries and multiple stars, we have been conducting a dedicatedinvestigation, the results of which will be presented in this series. Methods: Our investigation follows two different approaches, one basedon radial-velocity monitoring, the other based on direct imaging. Inthis first paper, we present the observational results from oursystematic adaptive optics search with VLT/NACO for close stellarcompanions to 130 nearby stars, 57 with planets and 73 without, forcomparison. The inclusion of a control sub-sample is a unique feature ofour program that will enable a meaningful and rigorous comparisonbetween the properties of planet-host stars and the properties of fieldstars subject to the same selection effects against close binaries, butshowing no evidence for planetary companions. Results: Our data reveal95 companion candidates found in the vicinity of 33 of our targets.Nineteen of these candidates are true companions and 2 are likely boundobjects. Among planet-host stars, we discovered a tight pair of very lowmass companions to HD 65216 (projected separation of 255 AU), an early Mcompanion to HD 177830 (projected separation of 97 AU), and we resolvedthe previously known companion to HD 196050 into a close pair of Mdwarfs. Our data additionally confirm the bound nature of the companionsto HD 142, HD 16141, and HD 46375. Among control stars, we detected truecompanions to HD 7895, HD 24331, HD 31412, HD 40397, HD 43834, HD 70923,HD 78351, HD 104263, HD 129642, HD 154682, and HD 223913, and likelybound companions to HD 82241 and HD 134180. Most of these objects are Mdwarfs and have projected separations between 7 and 505 AU.Based on observations collected at the ESO VLT Yepun telescope,proposals 70.C-0557, 71.C-0125, 73.C-0124, 74.C-0048, 75.C-0069, and76.C-0057. Tables 1, 2, and Figs. 3, 4 are only available in electronicform at http://www.aanda.org
| The usage of Strömgren photometry in studies of local group dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Application to Draco: a new catalogue of Draco members and a study of the metallicity distribution function and radial gradients
Aims.In this paper we demonstrate how Strömgren uvby photometry canbe efficiently used to: 1. identify red giant branch stars that aremembers in a dwarf spheroidal galaxy; 2. derive age-independentmetallicities for the same stars and quantify the associated errors. Methods: Strömgren uvby photometry in a 11 × 22 arcmin fieldcentered on the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy was obtained using theIsaac Newton Telescope on La Palma. Members of the Draco dSph galaxywere identified using the surface gravity sensitive c1 indexwhich discriminates between red giant and dwarf stars. Thus enabling usto distinguish the (red giant branch) members of the dwarf spheroidalgalaxy from the foreground dwarf stars in our galaxy. The method isevaluated through a comparison of our membership list with membershipclassifications in the literature based on radial velocities and propermotions. The metallicity sensitive m1 index was used toderive individual and age-independent metallicities for the members ofthe Draco dSph galaxy. The derived metallicities are compared to studiesbased on high resolution spectroscopy and the agreement is found to bevery good. Results: We present metallicities for 169 members of the redgiant branch in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy (the largest sample todate). The metallicity distribution function for the Draco dSph galaxyshows a mean [Fe/H] = -1.74 dex with a spread of 0.24 dex. Thecorrelation between metallicity and colour for the stars on the redgiant branch is consistent with a dominant old, and coeval population.There is a possible spatial population gradient over the field with themost metal-rich stars being more centrally concentrated than themetal-poor stars.Based on observations made with the Isaac Newton Telescope, operated onthe Island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the SpanishObservatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisicade Canarias. Guest User, Canadian Astronomy Data Centre, which isoperated by the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National ResearchCouncil of Canada. Full Tables 2 and 6 are only available athttp://www.aanda.org
| Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry
We present a method to determine effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters and bolometric corrections for population I and II FGKtype stars based on V and 2MASS IR photometry. Accurate calibration isaccomplished by using a sample of solar analogues, whose averagetemperature is assumed to be equal to the solar effective temperature of5777 K. By taking into account all possible sources of error we estimateassociated uncertainties to better than 1% in effective temperature andin the range 1.0-2.5% in angular semi-diameter for unreddened stars.Comparison of our new temperatures with other determinations extractedfrom the literature indicates, in general, remarkably good agreement.These results suggest that the effective temperaure scale of FGK starsis currently established with an accuracy better than 0.5%-1%. Theapplication of the method to a sample of 10 999 dwarfs in the Hipparcoscatalogue allows us to define temperature and bolometric correction (Kband) calibrations as a function of (V-K), [m/H] and log g. Bolometriccorrections in the V and K bands as a function of T_eff, [m/H] and log gare also given. We provide effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters, radii and bolometric corrections in the V and K bandsfor the 10 999 FGK stars in our sample with the correspondinguncertainties.
| WIYN Open Cluster Study. XIX. Main-Sequence-Fitting Distances to Open Clusters Using V-K Color-Magnitude Diagrams
We have combined existing optical magnitudes for stars in seven openclusters and 54 field stars with the corresponding JHKsphotometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Combining opticalwith near-IR photometry broadens the color baseline, minimizing theinfluence of photometric errors and allowing better discriminationbetween cluster stars and contaminating foreground and backgroundpopulations. The open clusters in this study include NGC 2516, M35, M34,NGC 3532, M37, M67, and NGC 188. The field stars we are using possesshigh-quality Hipparcos parallaxes and well-determined metal abundances,allowing us to empirically determine the dependence of V-K color onmetal abundance in the range -0.45<=[Fe/H]<=+0.35.Using this relation along with the parallaxes of the field stars, we areable to construct an unevolved main sequence in the [MV,(V-K)0] diagram for a specific abundance. These diagrams arethen used to fit to the cluster main sequences in the (V, V-K)color-magnitude diagram in order to estimate a distance for each opencluster. We find that the resultant distances are within the range ofdistances found in the literature via the main-sequence-fittingtechnique. It is hoped that this will spur an expansion of the current(limited) database of star clusters with high-quality V-K photometrydown to the unevolved main sequence.This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All SkySurvey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts andthe Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute ofTechnology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationand the National Science Foundation.
| The open cluster distance scale. A new empirical approach
We present new BV(RI)C photometry for a sample of 54 local Gand K stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes in the metallicity range-0.4 <= [Fe/H] <= +0.3. We use this sample to develop a completelymodel-independent main sequence (MS) fitting method which we apply to 4open clusters - the Hyades, Praesepe, the Pleiades and NGC 2516 - whichall have direct Hipparcos parallax distance determinations. Comparisonof our MS-fitting results with distances derived from Hipparcosparallaxes enables us to explore whether the discrepancy between theHipparcos distance scale and other MS-fitting methods found for someclusters is a consequence of model assumptions. We find good agreementbetween our results and the Hipparcos ones for the Hyades and Praesepe.For the Pleiades and NGC 2516, when adopting the solar abundancedetermined from spectroscopy, we find significant disagreement at alevel similar to that found by other MS-fitting studies. However, thecolour-colour relationship for both these clusters suggests that theirmetallicity is significantly subsolar. Since the MS-fitting methodrelies on matching the cluster colours to a template MS, we argue that,when applying this method, the appropriate metallicity to adopt is thephotometric subsolar one, not the solar abundance indicated byspectroscopy. Adopting photometric metallicities for all 4 clusters, wefind complete agreement with the Hipparcos results and hence we concludethat the mismatch between the spectroscopic and photometric abundancesfor the Pleiades and NGC 2516 is responsible for the discrepancies indistance estimates found by previous studies. The origin of thismismatch in abundance scales remains an unsolved problem and somepossible causes are discussed.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| HIPPARCOS age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood disc stars
We derive age-metallicity relations (AMRs) and orbital parameters forthe 1658 solar neighbourhood stars to which accurate distances aremeasured by the HIPPARCOS satellite. The sample stars comprise 1382 thindisc stars, 229 thick disc stars, and 47 halo stars according to theirorbital parameters. We find a considerable scatter for thin disc AMRalong the one-zone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model. Orbits andmetallicities of thin disc stars show now clear relation each other. Thescatter along the AMR exists even if the stars with the same orbits areselected. We examine simple extension of one-zone GCE models whichaccount for inhomogeneity in the effective yield and inhomogeneous starformation rate in the Galaxy. Both extensions of the one-zone GCE modelcannot account for the scatter in age - [Fe/H] - [Ca/Fe] relationsimultaneously. We conclude, therefore, that the scatter along the thindisc AMR is an essential feature in the formation and evolution of theGalaxy. The AMR for thick disc stars shows that the star formationterminated 8 Gyr ago in the thick disc. As already reported by Grattonet al. (\cite{Gratton_et.al.2000}) and Prochaska et al.(\cite{Prochaska_et.al.2000}), thick disc stars are more Ca-rich thanthin disc stars with the same [Fe/H]. We find that thick disc stars showa vertical abundance gradient. These three facts, the AMR, verticalgradient, and [Ca/Fe]-[Fe/H] relation, support monolithic collapseand/or accretion of satellite dwarf galaxies as likely thick discformation scenarios. Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http:/ /cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ cgi-bin/qcat?J/ A+A/394/927
| Magnetism in Isolated and Binary White Dwarfs
Since the discovery of the first isolated magnetic white dwarf (MWD) Grw+70°8047 nearly 60 years ago, the number of stars belonging to thisclass has grown steadily. There are now some 65 isolated white dwarfsclassified as magnetic, and a roughly equal number of MWDs are found inthe close interacting binaries known as the magnetic cataclysmicvariables (MCVs). The isolated MWDs comprise ~5% of all WDs, while theMCVs comprise ~25% of all CVs. The magnetic fields range from~3×104-109 G in the former group with adistribution peaking at 1.6×107 G, and~107-3×108 G in the latter group. The spacedensity of isolated magnetic white dwarfs with fields in the range~3×104-109 G is estimated to be~1.5×10-4 pc-3. The MCVs have a spacedensity that is about a hundred times smaller. About 80% of the isolatedMWDs have almost pure H atmospheres and show only hydrogen lines intheir spectra (the magnetic DAs), while the remainder show He I lines(the magnetic DBs) or molecular bands of C2 and CH (magneticDQs) and have helium as the dominant atmospheric constituent, mirroringthe situation in the nonmagnetic white dwarfs. The incidence of stars ofmixed composition (H and He) appears to be higher among the MWDs. Thereis growing evidence based on trigonometric parallaxes, space motions,and spectroscopic analyses that the isolated MWDs tend as a class tohave a higher mass than the nonmagnetic white dwarfs. The mean mass for16 MWDs with well-constrained masses is >~0.95 Msolar.Magnetic fields may therefore play a significant role in angularmomentum and mass loss in the post-main-sequence phases of single starevolution affecting the initial-final mass relationship, a viewsupported by recent work on cluster MWDs. The progenitors of the vastmajority of the isolated MWDs are likely to be the magnetic Ap and Bpstars. However, the discovery of two MWDs with masses within a fewpercent of the Chandrasekhar limit, one of which is also rapidlyrotating (Pspin=12 minutes), has led to the proposal thatthese may be the result of double-degenerate (DD) mergers. An intriguingpossibility is that magnetism, through its effect on the initial-finalmass relationship, may also favor the formation of more massive doubledegenerates in close binary evolution. The magnetic DDs may therefore bemore likely progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. A subclass of theisolated MWDs appear to rotate slowly with no evidence of spectral orpolarimetric variability over periods of tens of years, while othersexhibit rapid rotation with coherent periods in the range of tens ofminutes to hours or days. There is a strong suggestion of a bimodalperiod distribution. The ``rapidly'' rotating isolated MWDs may includeas a subclass stars which have been spun up during a DD merger or aprevious phase of mass transfer from a companion star. Zeemanspectroscopy and polarimetry, and cyclotron spectroscopy, have variouslybeen used to estimate magnetic fields of the isolated MWDs and the MWDsin MCVs and to place strong constraints on the field structure. Thesurface field distributions tend in general to be strongly nondipolarand to a first approximation can be modeled by dipoles that are offsetfrom the center by ~10%-30% of the stellar radius along the dipole axis.Other stars show extreme spectral variations with rotational phase whichcannot be modeled by off-centered dipoles. More exotic field structureswith spot-type field enhancements appear to be necessary. These fieldstructures are even more intriguing and suggest that some of the basicassumptions inherent in most calculations of field evolution, such asforce-free fields and free ohmic decay, may be oversimplistic.
| The Vienna-KPNO search for Doppler-imaging candidate stars. I. A catalog of stellar-activity indicators for 1058 late-type Hipparcos stars
We present the results from a spectroscopic Ca ii H&K survey of 1058late-type stars selected from a color-limited subsample of the Hipparcoscatalog. Out of these 1058 stars, 371 stars were found to showsignificant H&K emission, most of them previously unknown; 23% withstrong emission, 36% with moderate emission, and 41% with weak emission.These spectra are used to determine absolute H&K emission-linefluxes, radial velocities, and equivalent widths of theluminosity-sensitive Sr ii line at 4077 Ä. Red-wavelengthspectroscopic and Strömgren y photometric follow-up observations ofthe 371 stars with H&K emission are used to additionally determinethe absolute Hα -core flux, the lithium abundance from the Li i6708 Å equivalent width, the rotational velocity vsin i, theradial velocity, and the light variations and its periodicity. Thelatter is interpreted as the stellar rotation period due to aninhomogeneous surface brightness distribution. 156 stars were found withphotometric periods between 0.29 and 64 days, 11 additional systemsshowed quasi-periodic variations possibly in excess of ~50 days. Further54 stars had variations but no unique period was found, and four starswere essentially constant. Altogether, 170 new variable stars werediscovered. Additionally, we found 17 new SB1 (plus 16 new candidates)and 19 new SB2 systems, as well as one definite and two possible new SB3systems. Finally, we present a list of 21 stars that we think are mostsuitable candidates for a detailed study with the Doppler-imagingtechnique. Tables A1--A3 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| GPM - compiled catalogue of absolute proper motions of stars in selected areas of sky with galaxies.
Not Available
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| The general catalogue of trigonometric [stellar] paralaxes
Not Available
| Four-color UVBY and H-beta photometry of high-velocity and metal-poor stars. I - The catalogue of observations
A catalog of four-color uvby and H-beta photometry for 711 high-velocityand metal-poor stars is given. The selection of the stars and theobserving and reduction techniques used to obtain these data arediscussed. The photometry has been transformed closely onto the standarduvby-beta system. The errors of the data have been estimated using bothinternal and external comparisons. The data are uniform over the sky;that is, there are no significant north-south differences. For the largemajority of stars the mean errors of V, m1, c1, and beta are less than +or - 0.008 mag, and the error of b-y is less than + or - 0.005 mag.Values of V, b-y and beta and rough photometric classifications aregiven for 63 red and/or evolved stars that fall outside the range of thephotometric transformations.
| New subdwarfs. VI - Kinematics of 1125 high-proper-motion stars and the collapse of the Galaxy
The UVW velocity components, planar eccentricities, and angular momentaof 878 high-proper-motion stars are determined using the radial-velocitydata of Fouts and Sandage (1986) and compared with chemical abundancesand photometric parallaxes from the UBV photometry of Sandage and Kowal(1986). The results are presented, along with published data on 247additional stars, in extensive tables and graphs and characterized indetail. Two approximately equal components are differentiated: alow-velocity component identified as part of the thick disk described byGilmore and Reid (1983) and a high-velocity halo component. The data arefound to support a model of Galactic collapse (with concomitant spinupand progressive chemical enrichment) which includes a rotating bulge(the thick disk) with kinematic and metallicity properties between thoseof the old thin disk and the halo.
| New subdwarfs. V - Radial velocities for 889 high-proper-motion stars measured with the Mount Wilson 100 inch reflector
New radial velocities have been obtained from 2265 measurements of 889high-proper-motion stars taken from the subdwarf candidate list of aprevious paper. The observations were made with the Mount Wilson 100 inHooker reflector coude spectrograph with a Reticon detector, giving aninternal error of a single measurement of 4.7 km/s. From 88 stars incommon with previously known subdwarfs; the external error of the datais 6.9 km/s per measurement, and the velocity system is shown to be onthe system of the Wilson General Catalog to better than 1 km/s. Of the878 stars with nonvariable velocities in the sample, 38 have radialvelocities larger than 200 km/s, of which 22 are new. There is acorrelation between radial velocity and reduced ultraviolet excess asexpected from the previously known relations between space motion andchemical composition. The Stroemberg asymmetric drift is directlyvisible in the radial velocity and the proper-motion data separately aseach is displayed as a function of galactic longitude.
| New subdwarfs. IV - UBV photometry of 1690 high-proper-motion stars
A photometric list of 1690 stars of known high proper motion is used tosearch for potential high-velocity stars of various metallicity valuesin order to find candidates for trigonometric programs on subdwarfs andto enlarge the sample with which to study the relation between stellarkinematics and metal abundance. A list of 113 stars with tangentialspace velocities of 300 km/s or greater is obtained, the highesttangential velocity relative to the sun being 630 km/s. By using thevariation of the tangential velocity with longitude and adopting thegalactic rotation at the solar circle to be 220 km/s, the rotation ofthe subdwarf system is estimated at 0 + or - 50 km/s from the transversevelocity alone, in agreement with determinations based on other methods.
| G. P. Kuiper's spectral classifications of proper-motion stars
Spectral classifications are listed for over 3200 stars, mainly of largeproper motion, observed and classified by Kuiper during the years1937-1944 at the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories. While Kuiper himselfpublished many of his types, and while improved classifications are nowavailable for many of these stars, much of value remains. For many ofthe objects, no other spectral data exist.
| UBV colors for southern high-velocity stars
The results of observations made at Cerro Tololo to secure UBVphotometry for selected southern high-velocity stars are presented.Three objects, LTT 3987, LTT 5334, and HD 123598, were found to possessUV excesses greater than 0.15 mag. Of these, only LTT 5334 has a veryunusual galactocentric orbit with an eccentricity of about 0.5.
| Radial velocities for selected southern high-velocity stars
Radial velocities for more than 100 southern high-velocity stars fromthe catalog of Buscombe and Morris (1958) are obtained by using bothdirect and image-tube UBV spectroscopy. The observational procedure anddata reduction technique are described. Two stars on the observing listare found to have enormous radial velocities and very weak metalliclines: LTT 2571, with a radial velocity of +346 km/s, and LTT 2625, witha radial velocity of +301 km/s. Other unusual objects discovered includeLTT 2813, which reaches over 100 kpc from the galactic center with anorbital eccentricity of 0.85, and LTT 8376, which travels about thegalactic center in a retrograde orbit with large energy. It is notedthat LTT 2813 and LTT 8376, as well as nearly all other objects on thelist, display normal or nearly normal metallic lines.
| Lowell proper motions IV : proper motion survey of the Northern Hemisphere with the 13-inch photographic telescope of the Lowell Observatory
Not Available
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